Flow-mediated outward arterial remodeling in aging

The present review focuses on the effect of aging flow-mediated outward remodeling (FMR) via alterations in estrogen metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation. In ischemic disorders, ability vasculature to adapt or remodel determines quality recovery. FMR, which has a key role revascularization, is complex phenomenon that recruits endothelial smooth muscle cells as well immune system. FMR becomes progressively less with age result an increase inflammation stress, part mitochondrial origin. alteration greater older individuals risk factors thus therapy cannot merely amount exercise without mild vasodilating drug. Interestingly, reduction occurs later females. Estrogen its alpha receptor (ER?) play through control dilatory pathways including angiotensin II type 2 receptor, providing possible tools activate subjects although only experimental data available. Indeed, main issue reversibility vascular damage induced over time, date promoting prevention limiting exposure remain best options this regard.